OpenStax College Physics for AP® Courses, Chapter 7, Problem 17 (Problems & Exercises)

This is College Physics Answers with Shaun Dychko. The total gravitational potential energy stored in the stones of the Great Pyramid of Cheops is equal to the total mass of all the stones times the gravitational field strength, times the height of the center of mass. So that's seven times ten to the nine kilograms times 9.8 newtons per kilogram, times 36.5 meters, which is about three times ten to the twelve joules. Now, if we compare that to the average daily intake for an adult of energy, we can get a minimum value for the -- we can make an estimate of how many people would have been needed to build this pyramid given a period of time that we choose. I'll explain that in a second. So, first of all just to take this ratio, we have 2.5039 times ten to the twelve joules where I've used the un-rounded answer from part A and dividing it by 1.2 times ten to the seven joules recommended per person per day, that's from Table 7.1, and this gives two times ten to the five person days. So that means if you had one thousand ancient Egyptians working then they would need to take a theoretical minimum of 200 days to impart this much energy to all the stones of the pyramid. So this would make two times ten to the five person days. Now, of course this is unrealistic because this calculation assumes perfect efficiency and that's not going to happen. But it at least sets a theoretical minimum that if there were a thousand people working it would take longer than two hundred days for sure. If there were two thousand people working then it would take longer than one hundred days and so on.